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<td nowrap="true" class="pageTitle">方法体系结构基础</td><td width="100%">
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<td valign="top">介绍基本的 UMA 原理、概念和抽象。</td>
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<div class="sectionHeading">关系</div>
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<a href="./../../core.base_concepts/guidances/concepts/introduction_to_uma_931F5B93.html" guid="_94_eoO8LEdmKSqa_gSYthg">Unified Method Architecture（UMA）主要功能</a>
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<a href="./../../core.base_concepts/guidances/concepts/uma_vs_rup_45521141.html" guid="_SZDtIEdjEdqBmOmOgjH2IQ">UMA 与 RUP 2003 元模型</a>
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<a href="./../../core.base_concepts/customcategories/method_concepts_179C5639.html" guid="_WfL28BTMEdqrUt4zetC1gg">方法内容概念</a>
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<a href="./../../core.base_concepts/customcategories/guidance_BE65A47D.html" guid="_xy2SAAIsEdqEutyfYo0quQ">指导信息</a>
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<a href="./../../core.base_concepts/customcategories/process_concepts_2FEF92F.html" guid="_AtM0gBTQEdqrUt4zetC1gg">流程概念</a>
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<a href="./../../core.base_concepts/customcategories/organizational_concepts_290C000C.html" guid="_Tp3S0BTQEdqrUt4zetC1gg">组织概念</a>
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<div class="sectionHeading">主要描述</div>
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<td class="sectionTableSingleCell"><h3>
    什么是 UMA？
</h3>
<p>
    Unified Method Architecture（UMA）是一个流程工程元模型，它定义用于表示由方法内容和流程组成的方法的模式和术语。另见<a class="elementLinkWithUserText" href="./../../core.base_concepts/guidances/concepts/introduction_to_uma_931F5B93.html" guid="_94_eoO8LEdmKSqa_gSYthg">概念：Unified Method Architecture（UMA）的主要功能</a>以获取更多详细信息。
</p>
<h3>
    UMA 中的基本原理
</h3>
<p>
    UMA 基于以下有意义的基本分离：
</p>
<ul>
    <li>
        核心方法内容与流程中方法内容的应用的分离
    </li>
    <li>
        方法中可选扩展机制（用于方法和流程存储库的大规模管理）的定义
    </li>
    <li>
        方法库中方法内容、流程和插件的封装与配置
    </li>
    <li>
        建议方法和指导信息描述字段的分离
    </li>
    <li>
        流程图中语义元素与其表示法的分离
    </li>
</ul>
<h3>
    UMA 的基本元素
</h3>
<p>
    Unified Method Architecture（UMA）最基本的原理是将可复用核心方法内容与其在流程中的应用分离，并且几乎所有 UMA 的元素都按照此分离进行归类。
</p>
<p>
    Unified Method Architecture
    使可复用核心方法内容与其在流程中的应用分离。方法内容描述要生产的对象、所需的必需技能和分步说明（分步说明描述如何实现特定开发目标，而无论这些项在开发生命周期中处于什么位置）。流程采用这些方法元素并将它们与半排序的序列（为特定项目类型定制的序列）关联。
    例如，从头开始开发应用程序的软件开发项目执行开发任务（例如“开发远景”或“用例设置”），这些任务与扩展现有软件系统的项目类似。但是，这两个项目将在不同的时间点执行任务，并且所强调的内容也不同，即它们将在不同的时间点执行这些任务的步骤，并且可能作出单项的变更和补充。
</p>
<p>
    下图通过作为两个不同的维表示方法内容和流程，来显示它们之间的差异：
</p>
<ul>
    <li>
        描述如何执行开发工作的方法内容按规程进行分类。每个规程都由任务（在图中看不到）组成，这些任务逐步描述如何实现特定开发目标。&nbsp;
    </li>
    <li>
        对于一个流程，通过分配执行工作的资源和将真实工作产品作为任务的输入和输出，流程从方法内容引用任务并将任务放到准备实例化的细分结构和工作流程中。<br />
    </li>
</ul>
<p align="center">
    <img alt="说明 UMA 元模型中方法和流程内容的分离的图" src="./../../core.base_concepts/guidances/concepts/resources/uma_hump.jpg" border="0" />
</p>
<p class="picturetext" align="center">
    方法内容定义与<br />
     方法内容在流程中的应用。
</p>
<p>
    UMA 的主要概念从流程反映此方法内容分离，如下图所示。该图显示方法（也称为方法框架）由方法内容和流程组成（通过工作产品、角色、任务和类别之类的概念来描述方法内容；通过活动、能力模式或交付流程来描述流程）。
</p>
<p align="center">
    <img alt="一个图，说明方法和流程内容之间的交集是指导信息" src="./../../core.base_concepts/guidances/concepts/resources/uma_m_vs_p.gif" />
</p>
<p align="center">
    根据主要 UMA 概念是表示方法内容还是表示流程来概述如何定位主要 UMA 概念
</p>
<p class="picturetext" align="left">
    主要<a class="elementLinkWithUserText" href="./../../core.base_concepts/customcategories/method_concepts_179C5639.html" guid="_WfL28BTMEdqrUt4zetC1gg">方法内容元素</a>是：
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    <ul>
        <li>
            <div class="picturetext" align="left">
                <a class="elementLinkWithUserText" href="./../../core.base_concepts/guidances/concepts/work_product_18CEEF8D.html" guid="4.804531471620803E-306">工作产品</a>
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            <div class="picturetext" align="left">
                <a class="elementLinkWithUserText" href="./../../core.base_concepts/guidances/concepts/role_BBD6A3E6.html" guid="1.1609745730665898E-304">角色</a>
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        <li>
            <div class="picturetext" align="left">
                <a class="elementLinkWithUserText" href="./../../core.base_concepts/guidances/concepts/task_86A4917F.html" guid="7.624729048911575E-305">任务</a>
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<p class="picturetext" align="left">
    主要<a class="elementLinkWithUserText" href="./../../core.base_concepts/customcategories/process_concepts_2FEF92F.html" guid="_AtM0gBTQEdqrUt4zetC1gg">流程元素</a>是：
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                <a class="elementLinkWithUserText" href="./../../core.base_concepts/guidances/concepts/activity_417F8F65.html" guid="3.132140065969088E-305">活动</a>
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            <div class="picturetext" align="left">
                <a class="elementLinkWithUserText" href="./../../core.base_concepts/guidances/concepts/capability_pattern_ECA78A86.html" guid="1.7072348895114264E-305">能力模式</a>
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                <a class="elementLinkWithUserText" href="./../../core.base_concepts/guidances/concepts/delivery_process_CFEBBC78.html" guid="_EhgqwO8MEdmKSqa_gSYthg">交付流程</a>
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    <a class="elementLinkWithUserText" href="./../../core.base_concepts/customcategories/guidance_BE65A47D.html" guid="_xy2SAAIsEdqEutyfYo0quQ">指导信息</a>以很多种类型提供：
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                <a class="elementLinkWithUserText" href="./../../core.base_concepts/guidances/concepts/checklist_8F23FAF6.html" guid="_2vVuUBT9EdqrUt4zetC1gg">核对表</a>
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                <a class="elementLinkWithUserText" href="./../../core.base_concepts/guidances/concepts/concept_730F83A0.html" guid="_8wobABUAEdqrUt4zetC1gg">概念</a>
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                <a class="elementLinkWithUserText" href="./../../core.base_concepts/guidances/concepts/example_F2AB11A0.html" guid="_dCG-UBUBEdqrUt4zetC1gg">示例</a>
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                <a class="elementLinkWithUserText" href="./../../core.base_concepts/guidances/concepts/guideline_AB6E733A.html" guid="_IAwkEBUEEdqrUt4zetC1gg">指南</a>
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                <a class="elementLinkWithUserText" href="./../../core.base_concepts/guidances/concepts/practice_F5A1093C.html" guid="_szl6EBUBEdqrUt4zetC1gg">实践</a>
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                <a class="elementLinkWithUserText" href="./../../core.base_concepts/guidances/concepts/report_5257BA11.html" guid="_x2sAgBUBEdqrUt4zetC1gg">报告</a>
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            <div class="picturetext" align="left">
                <a class="elementLinkWithUserText" href="./../../core.base_concepts/guidances/concepts/reusable_asset_110C96CB.html" guid="_20bs4BUBEdqrUt4zetC1gg">可重用资产</a>
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            <div class="picturetext" align="left">
                <a class="elementLinkWithUserText" href="./../../core.base_concepts/guidances/concepts/roadmap_CBF52CCA.html" guid="_JCQbIBnXEdqYreeU3jqaDQ">路线图</a>
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                <a class="elementLinkWithUserText" href="./../../core.base_concepts/guidances/concepts/supporting_material_8F9B4FF.html" guid="_80XPABUBEdqrUt4zetC1gg">支持材料</a>
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                <a class="elementLinkWithUserText" href="./../../core.base_concepts/guidances/concepts/template_1C6123B9.html" guid="_G_UnIBUCEdqrUt4zetC1gg">模板</a>
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                <a class="elementLinkWithUserText" href="./../../core.base_concepts/guidances/concepts/term_definition_4520F2C6.html" guid="_Z45fwBUDEdqrUt4zetC1gg">术语定义</a>
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                <a class="elementLinkWithUserText" href="./../../core.base_concepts/guidances/concepts/tool_mentor_10D3617F.html" guid="1.0762105093945226E-304"><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">工具向导</font></a>
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